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Article History

Received: 21 October 2025

Accepted: 30 January 2026

First Online: 21 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Daisuke Aoki has received honoraria from Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan), MSD K.K. (Tokyo, Japan), AstraZeneca K.K. (Osaka, Japan), Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan), and Myriad Genetics, Inc. (Salt Lake City, UT, USA), and consultation fees from MSD K.K. (Tokyo, Japan), AstraZeneca K.K. (Osaka, Japan), and Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Koichi Benjamin Ishikawa received honoraria from Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Keiko Nishimyo was an employee of Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan) when this study was conducted. Kiyohide Fushimi and Tsutomu Yamazaki declare that they have no conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this article.

: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan (approval number: 22-Im-013) and conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and reported in compliance with the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines.

: All data were anonymized prior to analysis, and informed consent was not required.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Keiko Nishimyo: Writing—original draft; writing; conceptualization; methodology; formal analysis; investigation; data curation; visualization. Koichi Benjamin Ishikawa: Writing—review and editing; conceptualization; methodology; investigation; data curation. Daisuke Aoki: Writing—review and editing; conceptualization; methodology. Kiyohide Fushimi: Writing, review, and editing and data curation. Tsutomu Yamazaki: Writing—review and editing; conceptualization; methodology; supervision.

: Portions of these data were previously presented at the 67th Annual Meeting of the Japan Society of Gynecologic Oncology held on July 17–19, 2025.