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Article History

Received: 7 November 2025

Accepted: 4 April 2026

First Online: 3 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was funded by AstraZeneca China (no grant number).

: Ligang Xing, Jinming Yu, Xiangjiao Meng, Ren Zhao, Weihua Yang, Yubiao Guo, Juan Li, Min Fan, Chuangying Xiao, Yanping Ren, Lihua Dong, Dongqing Lv, Lujun Zhao, Yingcheng Lin, Xiaotao Zhang, Long Chen, Ye Wang, Yuhui Zhang, Aimin Zang, Gregory Cheng, Anwen Liu, Naixin Liang, Baisong Lou, Jun Wang, Xiaolong Fu, Anhui Shi, Ning Xu, Junfeng Liu, and Zuo-Lin Xiang declare that they have no conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this manuscript. All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest, and none were reported.

: This study was performed in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki that are consistent with International Council for Harmonisation/Good Clinical Practice, applicable regulatory requirements, and the AstraZeneca policy on Bioethics. The Clinical Study Protocol was submitted to the Institutional Review Board or Independent Ethics Committee for review and approval.

: Before any study-specific procedures were performed, the investigator at each site obtained a signed and dated informed consent form (ICF) from each participant. The investigator ensured that patients were provided with full and adequate oral and written information about the nature, purpose, potential risks, and benefits of the study. Patients were explicitly informed of their right to discontinue participation in the study at any time. They were also given the opportunity to ask questions and allowed sufficient time to consider the information provided. The investigator stored the original signed ICF, and either the signed original or a copy of it was given to the patient.

: All authors confirm that they have read and approved the manuscript; no eligible authors are omitted. The article has not been previously published nor is it under consideration for publication elsewhere. It has been approved by relevant authorities. If accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in any form without the written consent of the copyright holder.

: Data underlying the findings described in this manuscript may be obtained in accordance with AstraZeneca’s data sharing policy.

: Not applicable.

: Conceptualization: Ligang Xing and Jinming Yu. Data curation: Ligang Xing, Jinming Yu, Xiangjiao Meng, Ren Zhao, Weihua Yang, Yubiao Guo, Juan Li, Min Fan, Chuangying Xiao, Yanping Ren, Lihua Dong, Dongqing Lv, Lujun Zhao, Yingcheng Lin, Xiaotao Zhang, Long Chen, Ye Wang, Yuhui Zhang, Aimin. Zang, Gregory Cheng, Anwen Liu, Naixin Liang, Baisong Lou, Jun Wang, Xiaolong Fu, Anhui Shi, Ning Xu, Junfeng Liu, and Zuo-Lin Xiang. Formal analysis: Xiangjiao Meng, Ligang Xing, and Yubiao Guo. Funding acquisition: Ligang Xing and Jinming Yu. Investigation: Ligang Xing, Jinming Yu, Xiangjiao Meng, Ren Zhao, Weihua Yang, Yubiao Guo, Juan Li, Min Fan6, Chuangying Xiao, Yanping Ren, Lihua Dong, Dongqing Lv, Lujun Zhao, Yingcheng Lin, Xiaotao Zhang, Long Chen, Ye Wang, Yuhui Zhang, Aimin. Zang, Gregory Cheng, Anwen Liu, Naixin Liang, Baisong Lou, Jun Wang, Xiaolong Fu, Anhui Shi, Ning Xu, Junfeng Liu, and Zuo-Lin Xiang. Methodology: Juan Li. Project administration: Xiangjiao Meng, Ligang Xing, and Min Fan. Resources: Chuangying Xiao. Software: Yanping Ren. Supervision: Jinming Yu and Lihua Dong. Validation: Xiangjiao Meng, Ligang Xing, and Jinming Yu. Visualization: Lujun Zhao. Writing—original draft: Xiangjiao Meng, Ligang Xing, and Dongqing Lv. Writing—review and editing: Ligang Xing, Jinming Yu, and Weihua Yang.