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Article History

Received: 12 March 2026

Accepted: 3 September 2026

First Online: 7 October 2026

Declarations

Conflict of Interest: Shailender Bhatia reports honoraria from Bristol Myers Squibb, Incyte, and Replimune; consulting or advisory roles for Bristol Myers Squibb, Incyte, and Replimune; research funding from Agenus, Bristol Myers Squibb, Checkmate Pharmaceuticals, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Incyte, MSD, and TriSalus Life Sciences; and travel, accommodations, or expenses from Regeneron. Sandra D’Angelo reports honoraria from Aadi, Adaptimmune, GI Innovation, GSK, Incyte, Nektar, Pfizer, Rain Therapeutics, and Servier; consulting or advisory roles for Aadi, Adaptimmune, GI Innovation, GSK, Incyte, Medendi, Nektar, Pfizer, Rain Therapeutics, and Servier; research funding from Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Deciphera, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Incyte, MSD, and Nektar; and travel, accommodations, or expenses from Adaptimmune, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, and Nektar. Paul Nghiem reports honoraria from UpToDate; consulting or advisory roles for Almirall; research funding from Incyte; and a patent pending for high-affinity T-cell receptors that target the Merkel polyomavirus (patent filed: “Merkel Cell Polyomavirus T Antigen-Specific TCRs and Uses Thereof”).

Ethics Approval: Not applicable.

Consent to Participate: Not applicable.

Consent for Publication: Not applicable.

Availability of Data and Material: Not applicable.

Code Availability: Not applicable.

Author Contributions: Not applicable.