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Authors
Duan, Suzhen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1272-719X
Cai, Qijie Vicky https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-9744
Song, Liyan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9284-2093
McNary, Scot https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9150-6282
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Article History
Received: 9 April 2025
Accepted: 19 August 2025
First Online: 10 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Towson University (Protocol #1534). All participants provided informed consent to participate in the study. To ensure confidentiality, all personally identifiable information was removed prior to data analysis. The research was conducted in full compliance with the ethical standards and guidelines established by the IRB.
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
