Williams, Stephen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8848-6372
Cheam, Daravuth
Nishiguchi, Michele K.
Sindi, Suzanne S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-4332
Khatri, Shilpa
Rutter, Erica M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7580-2559
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (DBI 2214038)
Article History
Received: 28 August 2025
Accepted: 11 June 2026
First Online: 2 July 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: The code is available on GitHub at: . Where possible, fixed random seeding was used for all synthetic data in the figures to ensure reproducibility of all the data. Where practical, Julia was used to execute the calculations. The ModelAnalysis module was developed during the work and provides much of the functionality used for practical identifiability and genetic algorithm development. For convenience, some tasks required execution using MATLAB or Python. These tasks utilised the simple vectorisation and parallelisation capabilities that MATLAB allows.