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Authors
D’Argenzio, Jacopo https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4218-3292
Esposito, Andrea https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5534-2620
Pozzi, Jacopo https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6564-6724
Giannitto, Caterina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7894-9441
Zilocchi, Massimo
Stocco, Matteo
Guerritore, Marzia
Valenti, Giuseppina Maria Rita
Melazzini, Mario Giovanni
Carrafiello, Gianpaolo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Open access funding provided by Università degli Studi di Milano within the CRUI-CARE Agreement.
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Article History
Received: 17 June 2025
Accepted: 14 October 2025
First Online: 27 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
: All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Formal approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan (Approval No. 6009/04.06.2025_P, approved on June 4, 2025).
: Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study and the exclusive use of fully anonymized data collected during routine clinical activity, as authorized by the ethics committee.
: This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including images or personal identifiers), and therefore no consent for publication was required.
