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Authors
Li, Zhuofu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9521-9117
Zhang, Jianing
Sun, Chao
Tian, Song
Wang, Xiaoxuan
Ye, Zhaoxiang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3157-8393
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-009A)
The Chinese National Key Research and Development Project (Grant No. 2021YFC2500400)
The Chinese National Key Research and Development Project (Grant No.2021YFC2500402)
Science and Technology Project of Tianjin Health Commission (TJWJ2024QN04)
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Article History
Received: 25 March 2025
Accepted: 3 November 2025
First Online: 13 November 2025
Declarations
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: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
: This retrospective study was approved by ethics review committee of Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Union Medical Center, and Cangzhou Central Hospital, and waived the need for informed consent from the patient (bc2021093 and 2021–283-01(z)).
