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Authors
Sun, Hongbiao
Long, Chenyuanying
Ma, Yanqing
Xing, Tianyi
Dong, Shuwen
Guo, Sixuan
Cui, Yuanyuan
Jiang, Qinling
Liu, Shiyuan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82271994)
Military Commission health care special project (22BJZ07)
Shanghai Hospital Development Center (SHDC22025311-A)
The Eastern Elite Program Leading Project of Shanghai Municipality (LJ2023094)
Navy Medical University teaching achievement cultivation project (JPY2022B15)
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Article History
Received: 16 August 2025
Accepted: 21 January 2026
First Online: 11 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
: This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital (Approval No. 2022SL071). The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized patient data.
