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Authors
Malpani, Anand https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9477-9403
Vedula, S. Swaroop
Lin, Henry C.
Hager, Gregory D.
Taylor, Russell H.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Link Foundation
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Article History
Received: 16 November 2019
Accepted: 3 April 2020
First Online: 8 May 2020
Compliance with ethical standards
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: Anand Malpani was employed as an intern at Intuitive Surgical Inc. (Sunnyvale, California, USA) during part of this work. Henry C. Lin is an employee at Intuitive Surgical Inc. (Sunnyvale, California, USA). Intuitive Surgical Inc. manufactures the da Vinci Skills Simulator that was used as the platform to test the work on. Gregory D. Hager and Russell H. Taylor have received funding from Intuitive Surgical Inc. previously for other research projects. Johns Hopkins University and Intuitive Surgical Inc. have an ongoing partnership to support research on the surgical robots.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee (Western IRB, Protocol 20121049) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
