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Article History

Received: 5 October 2023

Accepted: 11 March 2024

First Online: 10 April 2024

Declarations

:

: All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest/competing interests.

: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Department of Biomedical Engineering in Al-Nahrain University, College of Engineering. Number 1/2020.

: In the current study, all patient data were obtained from Shahid Ghazi Hospital, a teaching hospital in Baghdad/Iraq. It is essential to note that prior to enrolling in this study, all patients were required to provide their informed consent to participate and have their information published. The process of obtaining consent involved ensuring that patients were fully informed about the nature and purpose of the study, the potential risks and benefits, and the confidentiality of their data. By obtaining consent, the study adheres to ethical principles that prioritize patient autonomy, privacy, and the responsible handling of their information. This consent process underscores the commitment to conducting research in a respectful and transparent manner, with due consideration for the rights and welfare of the patients involved.