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Article History

Received: 13 January 2025

Accepted: 29 April 2025

First Online: 7 June 2025

Declarations

:

: NV is an employee of Philips. BJW is the Principal Investigator in Cooperative Research and Development Agreements between NIH and the following: BTG Biocompatibles/Boston Scientific, Siemens, NVIDIA, Celsion Corp, Canon Medical, XAct Robotics, and Philips. BJW and NIH are party to Material Transfer or Collaboration Agreements with: Angiodynamics, 3 T Technologies, Profound Medical, Exact Imaging, Johnson and Johnson, Endocare/Healthtronics, and Medtronic. Outside the submitted work, BJW is primary inventor on 47 issued patents owned by the NIH (list available upon request), a portion of which have been licensed by NIH to Philips. BJW and NIH report a licensing agreement with Canon Medical on algorithm software with no patent. BJW is joint inventor (assigned to HHS NIH US Government) for patents and pending patents related to drug eluting bead technology, some of which may have joint inventorships with BTG Biocompatibles/Boston Scientific. BJW is primary inventor on patents owned by NIH in the space of drug eluting embolic beads. No other authors have conflicts of interest to declare.

: This study was a secondary retrospective review of an Institutional Review Board-approved prospective clinical trial, which obtained written and informed consent (NCT02112656).