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Authors
Sotaro, Kono https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8393-2781
Uemura, Keisuke https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9245-1743
Soufi, Mazen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0819-966X
Nishimura, Ryosuke
Miyamoto, Takuma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8504-2706
Higuchi, Ryo https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6766-8696
Mae, Hirokazu https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4617-0409
Takashima, Kazuma https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4376-8075
Otake, Yoshito https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1291-9316
Tanaka, Yasuhito https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2300-611X
Takao, Masaki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-9477
Sugano, Nobuhiko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5305-3179
Okada, Seiji https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5107-8209
Hamada, Hidetoshi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3652-9400
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japanese Orthopaedic Association (2023–2)
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP25hma322015)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (21K18080)
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Article History
Received: 19 March 2025
Accepted: 29 September 2025
First Online: 20 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
: All procedures performed in this study were performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board, and written informed consent was waived because of the retrospective design.
