Enkaoua, Aure https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0912-8274
Villa, Manuel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7000-6289
Ramalhinho, João https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8438-2215
Hoque, Mobarak I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7162-2822
Marcus, Hani J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8000-392X
Clarkson, Matthew J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-1252
Funding for this research was provided by:
EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Medical Imaging (EP/S021930/1)
Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (203145Z/16/Z)
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/T029404/1)
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/W00805X/1)
Article History
Received: 23 February 2026
Accepted: 29 April 2026
First Online: 5 June 2026
Statements and Declarations
:
: HJM is an employee and owns shares in Panda Surgical Ltd.
: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
: This article does not contain patient data.