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Article History

Received: 19 August 2024

Accepted: 2 February 2025

First Online: 17 February 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Not applicable. This study did not involve human participants or sensitive data. All data used in this study were obtained from publicly available sources, which you can access through the Roboflow Universe public data resource platform. No private or personally identifiable information was used or accessed during this research.

: This study is highly respectful of ethical standards and was conducted in accordance with international ethical standards and the Declaration of Helsinki. The principles of academic integrity and research ethics were strictly observed throughout the study.