Funding for this research was provided by:
Gruppo Nazionale per l’Analisi Matematica, la Probabilità e le loro Applicazioni (E53C23001670001)
Postgraduate Innovation Fund Project of Hebei Province (CXZZBS2025019)
China Scholarship Council (202408130115)
NSF of Hebei Province (A2024201024)
Università degli Studi dell’Aquila
Article History
Received: 4 August 2025
Accepted: 9 December 2025
First Online: 28 December 2025
Declarations
:
: On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.