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Article History

Received: 20 January 2025

Revised: 2 September 2025

Accepted: 7 September 2025

First Online: 30 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies, whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.

: Our study adhered to the ethical guidelines outlined in several key documents: The Medical Research Involving Human Beings (2023) issued by the National Health and Wellness Commission, the WMA Declaration of Helsinki (2013), the CIOMS “International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects” (2002), and the ethical principles of Good Clinical Practice (GCP). Furthermore, to ensure compliance with these ethical standards, our study underwent an additional ethical review by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, where it was approved under the reference number WDRY2024-K105. This approval confirms that our research was conducted in accordance with the highest ethical standards and that the rights, safety, and well-being of all participants were protected.

: Given that our research is a retrospective observational study that essentially has no impact on patients’ treatment, we have applied for and obtained a waiver of informed consent by the Institutional Review Board. The authors bear full responsibility for maintaining the confidentiality of any sensitive information and for adhering to all applicable legal and ethical requirements throughout the research and publication process.