Yahaya, Badrul Hisham
Bakar, Nur Fitriyani Afiqah Abu
Samat, Asmak Abdul
Ishtiah, Anan A.
Yusof, Loqman Mohamad
Hamid, Zuratul Ain Abdul
Osman, Noor Diyana
Khalil, Nor Azlina
Radzi, Rodiah Mohd
Musa, Muhamad Yusri
Jaafar, Mariatti
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (PRGS/1/2021/SKK07/USM/02/1)
Article History
Received: 11 February 2025
Revised: 11 September 2025
Accepted: 11 September 2025
First Online: 8 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.
: The experimental protocols were performed in accordance with the guidelines established by the Universiti Sains Malaysia Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (USM/IACUC/2021/(133)(1177)).
: Not applicable.