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Association Between Caffeine Intake and Mortality Among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Population-Based Study

Published Online: 2026-01-08

Published Print: 2026-02

Authors

Cao, Wen-long

Zhang, Jian-duan

Xiong, Jing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0476-3198
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Chinese Cardiovascular Association-Natural lipid-lowering drugs fund (No. 2023-CCA-NLD-742)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-01-08

Version of Record valid from 2026-01-08
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Article History

Received: 16 September 2025

Revised: 17 December 2025

Accepted: 18 December 2025

First Online: 8 January 2026

Declarations

:

: On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author declares that there are no conflicts of interest.

: The NHANES study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and was approved by its Research Ethics Review Board. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

: Not applicable.

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