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Authors
Liu, Bei
Wang, Qin
Huang, Rong-fu
Min, Xiao-hong
Liu, Han-han
Wu, Huan
Xu, Hui
Hu, Jun-bo
Tong, Yong-qing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1051-5054
Huang, Zi-ming
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province Research Project (2023SFYM008)
the Key Project of Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2025AFD670)
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Article History
Received: 24 November 2025
Revised: 8 February 2026
Accepted: 10 February 2026
First Online: 4 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
: This study was approved by the Ethics Committees of Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province (No. HBMCH2023-K094). In accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, informed consent was waived due to the study’s non-invasive nature and use of anonymized data. All procedures were conducted in compliance with relevant guidelines and regulations outlined in the Declaration.
: Not applicable.
