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Article History

Received: 1 November 2024

Accepted: 3 March 2025

First Online: 11 April 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

: The data supporting the findings of this study are not publicly available due to ethical restrictions protecting participant confidentiality, but they are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. The questionnaire and methodology for this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Clinical Research Center, Nippon Medical School Hospital (Ethics approval number: B-2021–450). The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: The study did not involve the use of animals or animal-derived materials.

: Informed consent was obtained through an opt-out process. Information regarding the study and an opt-out notice were publicly available on the website of the Clinical Research Center, Nippon Medical School Hospital (), ensuring that participants had the opportunity to decline participation. If a participant or their representative opted out, they were promptly excluded from the study.

: Informed consent for the publication of this study was also obtained through an opt-out process. An opt-out notice was provided, allowing participants or their representatives the option to withdraw from the study. If a withdrawal request was received, the participant was promptly excluded from the study.