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Article History

Received: 19 April 2025

Accepted: 25 June 2025

First Online: 10 July 2025

Declarations

:

: Financial interests Kaori Yamada participated as a co-investigator in a project funded by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), relevant to the subject matter of the present study. She also received consulting fees from Takeda Pharmaceutical Company and honoraria from Bayer and Fuji Pharma, unrelated to the present study. Osamu Ukimura received honoraria from AMCO Co. Ltd and equipment or materials from Boston Scientific Japan Co. Ltd and Alfresa Pharma Co. Ltd, all relevant to the subject matter of the present study. Kei Yamada received institutional research support from Doctor Net, Fukushima SiC Applied Engineering, CMIC HOLDINGS, Guerbet, Bracco Japan, GE HealthCare Pharma, and Fuji Pharma; honoraria from Bracco Japan and the Japan Medical Association; and expert testimony payments from Astellas Pharma and Bayer. All were unrelated to the present study. Non-financial interests Kaori Yamada is a cooperating member of the Guideline Committee on Diagnostic Imaging, a contributor to the revision of the Japanese Classification of Testicular Tumors, and a councilor of the Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Kei Yamada serves as the President of the Japanese College of Radiology and the Secretary General of the Asian-Oceanian Society of Neuroradiology and Head and Neck Radiology. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.

: This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review boards of our centers, and the requirement for written informed consent was waived.

: The requirement for written informed consent was waived by the institutional review board.

: Not applicable.