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Authors
Ishida, Yuriko
Watanabe, Shiro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7930-0975
Sakakibara-Konishi, Jun
Ikezawa, Yasuyuki
Kikuchi, Hajime
Kawai, Yasutaka
Kimura, Hirokazu
Nakakubo, Sho
Hirata, Kenji
Kudo, Kohsuke
Konno, Satoshi
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Article History
Received: 18 June 2025
Accepted: 4 September 2025
First Online: 12 September 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hokkaido University and the Institutional Review Board or Ethics Committee of other participating facilities (#022–0274). According to the Ethical Guidelines for Medical Research on Human Subjects in Japan, this research does not involve intervention or use of samples obtained from the human body.
: The need for patient consent was waived as this was a retrospective study, and anonymity was secured. Therefore, the Institutional Review Boards or Ethics Committees of all participating facilities approved the use of the opt-out method, publishing the study on either the participating facility’s website or on a bulletin board.
