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Article History

Received: 5 August 2025

Accepted: 23 September 2025

First Online: 10 October 2025

Declarations

:

: Rihito Aizawa has received honoraria from Varian Medical Systems. Takashi Kobayashi holds leadership positions in the Japan Society of Clinical Oncology and the Japan Society of Urologic Oncology. Takashi Mizowaki has been involved in both commissioned and collaborative research projects sponsored by Varian Medical Systems, a collaborative research project with Hitachi, Ltd., and a commissioned research project funded by Brainlab AG. He has also received honoraria from Varian Medical Systems, Hitachi, Ltd., Elekta, and Brainlab AG. In addition, he holds leadership roles in the Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology, the Japan Radiological Society, the Japan Society of Clinical Oncology, and the Japan Society of Urologic Oncology. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to the subject matter of this study.

: Clinical trial registration number: R1048-3.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.