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Authors
Miyasaka, Yuhei
Sato, Yoko
Harada, Hideyuki
Nakamura, Katsumasa
Ohno, Tatsuya
Yamamoto, Seiichiro
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shizuoka Prefecture (Shizuoka Prefecture)
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Article History
Received: 28 July 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 14 January 2026
Declarations
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: Hideyuki Harada received lecture fees from AstraZeneca and Brainlab. Tatsuya Ohno received joint research funds from Hitachi for work unrelated to the present study. The other authors have no conflict of interest to declare with respect to this article.
: The present study was designed and conducted according to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects. Approval for the study was granted by the institutional ethics committee (SGUPH_2021_001_073). Before receiving the SKDB data, all personal data were anonymized by the Shizuoka Federation of National Health Insurance Organizations. Information about this study was posted on the Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health website to ensure that participants could opt out of having their data used.
