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Authors
Zhang, Fushuai https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5833-4285
Wu, Rui
Cheng, Zhenyu https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0717-3228
Zhang, Nan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6202-9349
Che, Yena https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4742-4778
Chen, Boyao https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6089-7160
Huo, Xinxin https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9454-6424
Liang, Pengcheng https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7392-2566
Chen, Yiwen https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9411-0145
Wang, Qingqing https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3014-937X
Liang, Changhu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3796-2978
Li, Meng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8320-5241
Guo, Lingfei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4885-625X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
he Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2020MH288, ZR2024MH026)
the Technology Development Plan of Jinan (202328066)
the Medical and Health Science, Technology Development Project of Shandong Province (202309010557, 202309010560, 202409010479)
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Article History
Received: 21 July 2025
Accepted: 28 December 2025
First Online: 21 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors have not disclosed any competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shandong Provincial Hospital, affiliated with Shandong First Medical University. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment. All participants were selected from a prospective cohort (ISRCTN20008650), which was established and is actively maintained by our research team.
: Not applicable.
