Elder, Charles
DeBar, Lynn
Ritenbaugh, Cheryl
Dickerson, John
Vollmer, William M.
Deyo, Richard A.
Johnson, Eric S.
Haas, Mitchell
Article History
Received: 26 November 2017
Revised: 27 April 2018
Accepted: 7 June 2018
First Online: 25 June 2018
Compliance with Ethical Standards
: The Institutional Review Board at Kaiser Permanente Northwest approved all study procedures.
: Dr. Deyo reports royalties from UpToDate for authoring topics on low back pain, an endowment from Kaiser Permanente to Oregon Health and Science University, and a financial gift from NuVasive as part of a lifetime achievement award from the International Society for Study of the Lumbar Spine. For the remaining authors, no conflicts of interest were declared.