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Article History

Received: 1 May 2019

Accepted: 6 May 2019

First Online: 3 June 2019

Compliance with Ethical Standards

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: Dr. Sanders reports personal fees from California Dairy Research Foundation, personal fees from Nestle, personal fees from Danone Research, personal fees from The Dannon Company/Danone North America, personal fees from Williams Mullen, personal fees from Winclove, personal fees from Pharmavite, personal fees from Yakult, personal fees from Dutch Mill, personal fees from Clorox, personal fees from Pfizer, personal fees from Medscape, personal fees from Probi, personal fees from Mead Johnson, personal fees from GSK, personal fees from Church & Dwight, personal fees from General Mills, personal fees from Visalia Dairy Company, personal fees from International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics, personal fees from Proctor & Gamble, personal fees from Kelly Dry & Warren LLP, non-financial support from United States Pharmacopeia, non-financial support from International Life Sciences Institute, personal fees from Kellogg, personal fees from Trouw Pet Nutrition, personal fees from JHeimbach LLC, and personal fees from Kerry, outside the submitted work.Dr. Merenstein has received personal fees from Bayer, Pharmavite, Reckitt Benckiser, and Debevoise & Plimpton.John Guzzi has nothing to disclose.

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