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Article History

Received: 7 February 2020

Accepted: 17 September 2020

First Online: 3 November 2020

Compliance with Ethical Standards

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: Dr. Kertesz affirms past personal ownership of stock in Merck and Abbott pharmaceutical companies, sold in December of 2017, and not exceeding 5% of his assets at the time. Dr. Kertesz holds stock in CVS Caremark, Thermo Fisher, and Zimmer Biomet, not exceeding 5% of his assets. Dr. Kertesz reports his spouse holds equity in Merck, Abbot, Thermo Fisher, and Johnson and Johnson, in her private assets, not exceeding 10% of her assets. Dr. Kertesz receives income from UpToDate, Inc. Dr. Darnall is the recipient of a research award from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute® (#1610-3700), author royalties from multiple books, and compensation as chief scientific advisor at AppliedVR. Dr. Varley receives part-time income from Heart Rhythm Clinical and Research Solutions.

: The views expressed in this article are those of the authors alone and do not represent positions or views of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. All statements in this report are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), its Board of Governors, or Methodology Committee.

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