Document is current

Article History

Received: 7 October 2020

Accepted: 22 April 2021

First Online: 23 May 2021

Declarations

:

: Cheryl Clark MD ScD: Dr. Clark reports receiving funding support from IBM Watson Health for collaborative health equity research projects that includes evaluation of a cancer center in Brazil.Consuelo Hopkins Wilkins MD MSCI: NoneJorge A. Rodriguez MD: NoneAnita M. Preininger PhD: Dr. Preininger reports employment at IBM Watson Health. IBM provided funds for the literature analysis for this study.Joyce Harris MA: NoneSpencer DesAutels: Mr. DesAutels reports receiving funding from IBM Watson Health for the qualitative analysis of the literature to generate the text analysis visual for this manuscript.Hema Karunakaram MPH: Ms. Karunakaram is employed at IBM Watson Health. IBM provided funds for the literature analysis for this study.Kyu Rhee, MD MPP: At the time of the study Dr. Rhee was employed at IBM Watson Health. IBM provided funds for the literature analysis for this study.David W. Bates MD: Dr. Bates reports receiving funding from IBM for collaborative research evaluation activities. Dr. Bates also consults for EarlySense, which makes patient safety monitoring systems. He receives cash compensation from CDI (Negev), Ltd, which is a not-for-profit incubator for health IT startups. He receives equity from ValeraHealth which makes software to support clinical decision-making in intensive care. He receives equity from MDClone which takes clinical data and produces deidentified versions of it. He receives equity from AESOP which makes software to reduce medication error rates. Dr. Bates’ financial interests have been reviewed by Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Partners HealthCare in accordance with their institutional policies.Irene Dankwa-Mullan MD MPH: Dr. Dankwa-Mullan reports employment at IBM Watson Health. IBM provided funds for the literature analysis for this study.