Document is current

Article History

Received: 17 January 2025

Accepted: 25 April 2025

First Online: 12 May 2025

Declarations:

:

: This study performed secondary analyses of publicly available, deidentified data. Therefore, institutional review board approval from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center was not sought.

: All data was derived from the General Social Survey (2018 and 2022), for which all participants provided consent to participate. Further information on the dataset and consent process can be found at: .

: Per the guidelines provided by NORC, who produce and freely provide the General Social Survey, academic researchers are granted consent to publish on the data.

: Dr. Perera had full access to all data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

: The authors declare no competing interests. Dr. Wadhera receives research support from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and serves as a consultant for Abbott, CVS Health, and Chambercardio, outside the submitted work. All other authors report no disclosures.

: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.