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Authors
Alexander, G. Caleb https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5622-2986
Curran, Jill
Victores, Alejandro
Mehta, Hemalkumar B.
Lin, Shanshan
Xiao, Xuya
Michos, Erin D.
Ballreich, Jeromie
Bash, Lori D.
Exter, Jason
Foti, Kathryn
Martin, Seth S.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Merck
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Article History
Received: 24 September 2024
Accepted: 12 May 2025
First Online: 30 June 2025
Declarations:
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: The National Center for Health Statistics ethics review board approved the original survey protocols which were utilized to collect data for the NHANES tike periods included herein. Accordingly, informed consent was obtained from all NHANES participants.
: Dr. Alexander is past Chair of FDA’s Peripheral and Central Nervous System Advisory Committee and is a co-founding Principal and equity holder in Stage Analytics. Outside of this work, Dr. Martin has received personal consulting fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Kaneka, Merck, NewAmsterdam, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Premier, Sanofi, and 89bio. Outside of this work, Dr. Michos has received personal consulting fees from Amgen, Arrowhead, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Edwards Lifescience, Esperion, Ionis, Lilly, Medtronic, Merck, NewAmsterdam, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, and Pfizer. These arrangements have been reviewed and approved by Johns Hopkins University in accordance with its conflict of interest policies. Dr. Victores and Dr. Bash are, and Dr. Exter was employed by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA. Ms. Curran is now employed by Boehringer Ingelheim.
