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Article History

Received: 2 May 2025

Accepted: 11 July 2025

First Online: 29 July 2025

Declarations:

:

: Not applicable.

: Dr. Lipska receives support from CMS to develop and evaluate publicly reported quality measures and royalties from UpToDate to write and edit content.Dr. Ross currently receives research support through Yale University from Johnson and Johnson to develop methods of clinical trial data sharing, from the Food and Drug Administration for the Yale-Mayo Clinic Center for Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation (CERSI) program (U01FD005938), from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (R01HS022882), and from Arnold Ventures; formerly received research support from the Medical Device Innovation Consortium as part of the National Evaluation System for Health Technology (NEST); and in addition, Dr. Ross was an expert witness at the request of Relator's attorneys, the Greene Law Firm, in a qui tam suit alleging violations of the False Claims Act and Anti-Kickback Statute against Biogen Inc. that was settled September 2022.Dr Ramachandran reported receiving grants from Arnold Ventures, Stavros Niarchos Foundation, and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA); receiving personal fees from the Roosevelt Institute and previously, the ReAct-Action on Antibiotic Resistance Strategy Policy Program in 2022; and serving on the board of directors for Doctors for America in an unpaid capacity outside the submitted work.Dr. Chen has no conflicts of interest to disclose.Ms. Liang has no conflicts of interest to disclose.