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Authors
Kronish, Ian M.
Carter, Eileen
Phillips, Erica
Alcántara, Carmela
Serafini, Maria
Schwartz, Joseph E.
Moise, Nathalie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (R01 HS024262)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01 HL152699)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR002384)
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Article History
Received: 2 December 2024
Accepted: 21 August 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations:
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; or decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
: The Columbia University Institutional Review Board approved this study. All clinicians provided verbal informed consent.
