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Authors
Raza, Sheharyar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8247-1484
Risk, Malcolm
Loeffler, Anne
Verma, Amol A.
Razak, Fahad
Arnold, Donald
Fergusson, Dean
Ryan, Sarah
Relke, Nicole
Gabarin, Nadia
Li, Na
Nguyen, Rachel
Tyryshkin, Kathrin
Roberts, Surain
Callum, Jeannie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Canadian Blood Services
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Article History
Received: 13 March 2025
Accepted: 29 August 2025
First Online: 28 October 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Unity Health Toronto Research Ethics Board (#2022–1021-G-R2). Informed consent from patients was waived, as this was a low-risk retrospective study using de-identified, anonymized data presented in aggregate form.
: The funding organizations had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the clinical details; and preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. FR and AV are part-time employees of Ontario Health; AV reports funding from the Temerty Professorship of AI Research and Education in Medicine, University of Toronto; FR reports funding from the Canada Research Chairs program.
