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Authors
Gurwitz, Jerry H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1630-8213
Geller, Andrew I.
Lovegrove, Maribeth C.
Goring, Sandra K.
Stone, Nimalie D.
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Article History
Received: 22 July 2025
Accepted: 31 October 2025
First Online: 12 November 2025
Declarations
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: Federal government employees led or participated in all aspects of the project, including: design and conduct of the project; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The findings and conclusions in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they do not have a conflict of interest. Dr. Gurwitz serves as a paid consultant to United Healthcare, outside of the submitted work.
