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Authors
Ye, Wen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5802-189X
Jiang, Xiaqing
Li, Jing
Kuo, Shihchen
Becker, Christopher J.
Herman, William H.
Zhang, Weizhou
Morgenstern, Lewis B.
Lisabeth, Lynda D.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R21 NS120223)
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases (P30DK092926)
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Article History
Received: 12 March 2025
Accepted: 19 November 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
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: All analyses involved secondary analyses of publicly available, de-identified data. A request for exemption from Human Subjects approval was submitted to the University of Michigan Institutional Research Board and was approved.
: No disclosures were reported.
