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Authors
Poghosyan, Lusine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0529-8171
Moen, Erika
Featherston, Kyle
Pollifrone, Madeline
DrPH, Kathleen Flandrick
MD, Madeline R. Sterling
Matsumara, Rika
Kronish, Ian
Liu, Jianfang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (R01HS025937)
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Article History
Received: 20 October 2025
Accepted: 6 April 2026
First Online: 27 April 2026
Declarations
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: The Columbia University Institutional Review Board approved this study. All clinicians provided informed consent electronically.
: Not applicable.
: This manuscript is a unique submission and is not being considered for publication by any other source. This manuscript has not been published, in part or in full, in any form.
: The funder had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
