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Authors
Ralston, James D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6317-7987
Anderson, Melissa L.
Ng, Janet
Bashir, Ayat
Ehrlich, Kelly
Burns-Hunt, Dena
Cotton, Meredith
Hansell, Laurel
Hsu, Clarissa
Hunt, Helen
Karter, Andrew J.
Levy, Shaula M.
Ludman, Evette
Madziwa, Lawrence
Omura, Emily M.
Rogers, Kristine
Sevey, Brandie
Shaw, James A. M.
Shortreed, Susan M.
Speight, Jane
Sweeny, Amber
Tschernisch, Katherine
Tschernisch, Sergei
Yarborough, Laura
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (IHS-2019C3-17889)
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Article History
Received: 14 November 2025
Accepted: 24 April 2026
First Online: 12 May 2026
Declarations
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: The Kaiser Permanente Washington Institutional Review Board approved the study. All participants consented to participate in the study.
: JDR reports grant support from NIH, PCORI, AHRQ, and FDA. AJK reported receiving grants from NIH (R01 AG063391; P30 DK092924; R01 DK134446), PCORI (CDR-2019C1–16,126), the Leona M and Harry B Helmsley Charitable Trust outside the submitted work. JAMS reported receiving honoraria for consultancy with Mogrify and grants from PCORI, Cystic Fibrosis Trust, Diabetes UK and the Medical Research Council. JSp is supported by core funding to the Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, derived from the partnership between Diabetes Victoria and Deakin University, though her time on this project was funded by PCORI. The research group of JSp (ACBRD) has received unrestricted educational grants from Abbott Diabetes Care, Medtronic, and Sanofi Diabetes; sponsorship to host, attend, or present at educational meetings from Lilly, Medtronic, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diabetes Care, and Sanofi Diabetes; and consultancy income from Abbott Diabetes Care, AstraZeneca, Insulet, Roche Diabetes Care, and Sanofi Diabetes. JSp owns the copyright of the HypoA-Q.
