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Authors
Becker, Nora V. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5232-8663
Parent, Rachel
Iwashyna, Theodore J.
Ayanian, John Z.
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Article History
Received: 17 January 2026
Accepted: 10 August 2026
First Online: 26 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate: This study was exempted from IRB review due to the use of de-identified data.
Conflict of Interest: Dr. Becker reports receiving funding from the Michigan Value Collaborative, a Collaborative Quality Initiative under Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan’s (BCBSM) Value Partnerships program, outside the submitted work. Dr. Ayanian receives research funding from the National Institute on Aging outside the submitted work.
Clinical Trial Number: Not applicable.
