Senay, Andréa
Perreault, Sylvie
Delisle, Josée
Morin, Suzanne N.
Raynauld, Jean-Pierre
Banica, Andreea
Troyanov, Yves
Beaumont, Pierre
Jodoin, Alain
Laflamme, G. Yves
Leduc, Stéphane
Mac-Thiong, Jean-Marc
Nguyen, Hai
Ranger, Pierre
Rouleau, Dominique M.
Fernandes, Julio C.
Article History
Received: 12 September 2018
Accepted: 27 January 2019
First Online: 12 February 2019
Compliance with ethical standards
: All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the CIUSSS Nord de l’Ile de Montréal ethic research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Senay, Perreault, Banica, Beaumont, Jodoin, and Nguyen declare that they have no conflict of interest. Delisle reports support for personal fees from Amgen Canada and Eli Lilly outside of the conducted work. Morin reports grants from Amgen Canada and Merck, support as an advisory board member from Amgen Canada and Eli Lilly outside of the conducted work. Raynauld reports fees as an advisory board member for Amgen Canada outside of the conducted work. Troyanov reports fees as an advisory board member for Amgen, Eli Lilly, and Novartis outside of the conducted work. Laflamme reports research grants from Zimmer, Stryker, and DePuy Synthes, and support as a consultant from Stryker outside of the conducted work. Leduc reports research grants from Stryker, DePuy Synthes, Smith & Nephew, and Zimmer, and support as a consultant from Stryker outside of the conducted work. Mac-Thiong reports acts as co-founder of Spinologics Inc. and head of Medtronic Research Chair outside of the conducted work. Ranger reports grants from Johnson & Johnson, support as a consultant from Smith & Nephew, Corin, Bioventus, Sanofi Canada, and support for development of educational presentations by Horizon Pharma outside of the conducted work. Rouleau reports research and educational grants from Zimmer, Stryker, Smith & Nephew, Tornier, Arthrex, Conmed, and DePuy Synthes outside of the conducted work. Fernandes reports grants from Eli Lilly during the conduct of this study and grants from Baxter outside of the conducted work.