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Authors
Abdulbari, Ahmed
Jassim, Nizar A.
Motlaq, Yasir H.
Ismael, Hassan A.
Al Ani, Waleed Arif Tawfeeq
Nafai, Chra Kawa M.
Younis, Ali Abdulrahman
Qaradaghi, Taha Ahmed
Mahdi, Farah Jaafar
Rahmah, Abbas Mahdi
Alameri, Alaa Hussein
Alsudany, Fareed
Al-Shahwani, Zaid W.
Mohammed, Tariq Jassim
AbuKhumrah, Mohannad Khalil Ahmed
Kadum, Adra Abdul Ruda
Adnan, Asal
Yahya, Marwan Z.
Harvey, Nicholas C.
Lorentzon, Mattias
McCloskey, Eugene
Kanis, John A.
Johansson, Helena
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Article History
Received: 18 July 2025
Accepted: 10 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
:
: Only summary statistics and aggregate data are published, not allowing for the identification of individual study participants.
: This study does not contain any original studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
: Ahmed Abdulbari, Nizar A.Jassim, Yasir H.Motlaq, Hassan A. Ismael, Waleed Arif Tawfeeq Al Ani, Chra Kawa M.Nafai, Ali Abdulrahman Younis, Taha Ahmed Qaradaghi, Farah Jaafar Mahdi, Abbas Mahdi Rahmah, Alaa Hussein Alameri, Fareed Alsudany, Zaid W Al-Shahwani, Tariq Jassim Mohammed, Mohannad Khalil Ahmed Abu Khumrah, Adra Abdul Ruda Kadum, Asal Adnan, Marwan Z Yahya, Nicholas C Harvey, Mattias Lorentzon, and Helena Johansson declare that they have no conflict of interest concerning this paper. E McCloskey and JA Kanis are directors of Osteoporosis Research Ltd, which maintains FRAX.
