Fuseini, Naziru I.
O’Malley, Ronald J.
Sander, Todd P.
Smith, Jeffrey D.
Wen, Haiming
Bartlett, Laura N.
Article History
Received: 10 July 2025
Accepted: 28 November 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Conflict of interests
: This research was funded by the Kent D. Peaslee Steel Manufacturing Research Center at Missouri S&T. The consortium has reviewed and approved the publication of this manuscript. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.