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Authors
Rasul, Hazhar Hamad
Qader, Ibrahim Nazem https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1167-3799
Mohammed, Safar Saeed
Aziz, Shujahadeen Bakr
Salih, Ibrahim Luqman
Hamid, Dlshad Aziz
Ibrahim, Pshdar Ahmed
Muhammed, Abubakr Wsu
Babakr, Karukh Ali
Ali, Bala Talib
Aspoukeh, Peyman
Khojasteh, Hossein
Hamad, Samir Mustafa
Mahmood, Peshawa H.
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Article History
Received: 10 October 2025
Accepted: 10 December 2025
First Online: 11 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: This study aligns with the National Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by addressing key scientific challenges. Specifically, the research contributes to SDG 7 : Affordable and Clean Energy.
