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Article History

First Online: 15 May 2019

Compliance with ethical standards

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: This study was funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) (grant 1P50DC012283). Dr. Meier received funding on a predoctoral research grant through the NIH/NIDCD during completion of this work (grant 1F31DC015940). Dr. Meier additionally recently received a travel fellowship sponsored by the NIH/NIDCD (grant R13 DC017375) to present this work at the 56th annual meeting of the Academy of Aphasia. At the time of this work, Dr. Johnson and Ms. Pan received a salary/stipend through NIH/NIDCD grant 1P50DC012283. Dr. Meier, Dr. Johnson and Ms. Pan are now affiliated with other universities, as indicated by the title page. Dr. Kiran is a scientific consultant for The Learning Corporation, but there is no overlap between this role and the submitted investigation. The authors have no other financial or non-financial conflicts of interest.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.