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Authors
Ma, Mingjie
Ren, Qingguo
Sun, Xiaohan
Lin, Pengfei
Li, Wei
Zhao, Yuying
Meng, Xiangshui
Yan, Chuanzhu
Liu, Shuangwu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9179-1543
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
China postdoctoral science foundation (2020M672067)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC82001354)
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Article History
Received: 18 May 2025
Accepted: 6 November 2025
First Online: 18 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, China.
: The Ethics Committee of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University has reviewed and approved the study protocol described in the manuscript and confirmed that all study participants provided written informed consent.
: The authors state that the patient voluntarily agreed to participate.
: Author’s Statement of Consent to Publish.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
