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Authors
Thielen, Jan-Willem
Müller, Bernhard W.
Kraff, Oliver
Chang, Dae In
Liermann-Koch, Constantin
Scherbaum, Norbert
Tendolkar, Indira
Norris, David G.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Essen
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Article History
Received: 24 April 2025
Accepted: 26 February 2026
First Online: 27 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of the World Medical Association of Helsinki. This study was approved by the ethical review board of the medical faculty of the university Duisburg-Essen (16-7214-BO).
: Before participating in the study, all participants voluntarily completed a consent form after receiving sufficient explanation of the background, methods, potential risks and benefits, and confidentiality of the study. Written informed consent was obtained from the patients for the publication of this paper.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
