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Article History

Received: 29 March 2023

Accepted: 17 May 2023

First Online: 8 September 2023

Compliance with ethics guidelines

: <b>Conflicts of interest</b> Dawei Xie, Zheng Wang, Beibei Sun, Liwei Qu, Musheng Zeng, Lin Feng, Mingzhou Guo, Jihui Hao, and Guizhen Wang declare that they have no conflict of interest. Guangbiao Zhou is the Executive Deputy Editor-in-Chief of <i>Frontiers of Medicine</i>, and he was excluded from the peer-review process and all editorial decisions related to the acceptance and publication of this article. Peer-review was handled independently by the other editors to minimise bias.

: The study was approved by the research ethics committee of the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 <i>Declaration of Helsinki</i> and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Additional informed consent was obtained from all patients, whose identifying information is included in this article.