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Authors
Uakhit, Rabiga https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7737-7162
Bauer, Christian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6671-2102
Smagulova, Ainura
Kiyan, Vladimir https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9787-9151
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Article History
Received: 13 December 2024
Accepted: 5 March 2025
First Online: 20 March 2025
Declarations
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: The study (collection of hunted wild carnivores, including wolves) was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee, as shown in the extract from Protocol No. 1 (24 July 2019). The study adhered to the World Medical Association Code of Ethics (Declaration of Helsinki) for Animal Experimentation (), which ensures that all animal procedures are done ethically.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
