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Authors
Ghaemitalab, Vajiheh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7557-9884
Aliabadian, Mansour https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3200-4853
Mirshamsi, Omid https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1237-0634
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (grant No.3.45945)
Iran National Science Foundation (grant No.96016392)
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Article History
Received: 25 March 2025
Accepted: 11 July 2025
First Online: 8 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that all applicable guidelines for capturing and collecting biological samples from animals were followed. These guidelines come from the ethical principles and the national norms and standards for conducting Medical Research of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran (Ethics Certificate Number: IR.UM.REC.1400.028). Furthermore, all field works were carried out with permission and approval by the Department of the Environment for sample collection (permits numbers: 96/5612, 122–902, 97/773, 97/10/1/744) of each location in this study. All birds were released after sampling, and all efforts were made to minimize their suffering.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
