Bazerbachi, Fateh
Sawas, Tarek
Vargas, Eric J.
Haffar, Samir
Deepak, Parakkal
Kisiel, John B.
Loftus, Edward V. Jr.
Abu Dayyeh, Barham K.
Article History
First Online: 10 October 2017
Compliance with Ethical Standards
: Informed consent was not required since patients were unidentifiable in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample and the data is publically available.
: The study is IRB exempted under category 4 (publically available data).
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.